How to Eat to Fight off Colds and the Flu - Part II

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I hope everyone had a wonderful holiday filled with laughter, delicious food and great company!  As we slowly get into our regular routine and plans for the New Year, talking about nutrition and food seems like the right place to start! 

With nutrition, balance is always key.  And while I fully endorse having a few of your favourite treats this time of year (or really anytime of the year), making sure you include healthy options is important. Your mood, gut and immune system will all thank you. Not to mention, going into the New Year healthy and energetic seems not only sensible but downright cool!

Part II of this blog focuses on specific minerals that help strengthen our immune system and keep germs where they belong (outside of our body).

Also, don’t miss out on some great meal and snack ideas at the end of the blog! Nothing better then putting theory into practice! 


Zinc
Found in a variety of foods and helps strengthen the immune system. We only need a small amount everyday for good health. Good news is, most people get enough through their diet!

RECOMMENDED INTAKE:

* excludes women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Do not take more than 40mg her day


FOOD SOURCES:

* Think the size of two white erasers for cheese.


Selenium

Acting like an antioxidant in the body, selenium helps keep the immune system working!

RECOMMENDED INTAKE


FOOD SOURCES:

* Think of the size of a deck of cards for meat servings.

Putting Theory into Practice: Snack and Meal Ideas


Happy New Year! 

Keep those immune systems strong,
xo Lisa

 

 

How to Eat to Fight off Colds and the Flu - Part I

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A well balanced diet is the key to staying healthy all year long. However, there are certain nutrients that may help prevent the cold/flu or decrease the symptoms we experience. Eating foods rich in these nutrients instead of taking a supplement will not only save you money but will provide you with other benefits such as meeting your fibre intake (i.e. from fruits, vegetables, whole grains) and other nutrients (i.e. calcium in yogurt, iron in pumpkin seeds).
 

Vitamin C
It may not help prevent a cold but can decrease the duration and severity of symptoms. Since this is a water-soluble vitamin, any amount in excess of what we need is lost in the urine!

RECOMMENDED INTAKE to fight colds:

Do not take more than 2000mg. This can lead to digestive problems and kidney stones.


FOOD SOURCES:
Found in many fruits and vegetables.


Vitamin D
Keeps the immune system healthy!

RECOMMENDED INTAKE:

Note: IU = international units (just how we measure vitamin D!)


FOOD SOURCES: 
Not found naturally in most food. Some foods have vitamin D added to it (i.e. milk).

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 *Think of the size of a deck of cards for meat servings.
** Take a look on the nutrition label, this amount can vary for yogurt.

This is one vitamin I do recommend taking a supplement, especially for those living in Canada where we have minimal sun exposure.


Fluids
Staying hydrated helps moisten the lining the respiratory tract and prevents viruses from entering the body.

RECOMMENDED INTAKE:


Wishing you and your families all the best and health this holiday season.
xo Lisa
 

p.s. Check out my blog on Tips for Staying Healthy this Season if you haven't had a chance! 

How to Fuel for and Recover from your Workout

Although breakfast can be considered one of the most important meals of the day, what you eat before and especially after physical activity is equally as important. Some even argue that for athletes, post-exercise nutrition is the most important meal of the day!

With that said however, how to eat before and after exercise can be quite confusing. With all of the advertisements, advice and myths out there it’s no wonderful people aren’t sure where to turn. What I commonly see are people are either all gung-ho on the protein shakes and supplements (completely disregarding the need for carbohydrates and other essential nutrients) or decide not to eat at all. If your goal is to have energy for your next workout, build muscle or keep your body healthy, follow some key suggestions below.


 

 

 

BEFORE

Let’s start at the very beginning. What you eat before exercise is going to help you get the best workout possible and hopefully prevent you from “hitting the wall” or losing all your stamina and energy halfway through. In other words, eating well before physical activity will prevent fatigue and allow you to exercise longer and with more intensity.
 

During the Day

  • Eat regularly
    • This usually means 3 meals and 2 snacks
  • Stay hydrated and sip on water 
  • Include carbohydrate-rich foods in your meals and snacks 
    • i.e. fruit, grain products, milk products, starchy veggies (i.e. potatoes, corn, squash), legumes, and lentils
  • If your exercise is intense, you may need a smaller meal a few hours before to prevent an upset stomach

Remember: 
You know your body the best! Try different foods before a workout/event/competition. See what works best for you and stick with that. Listen to your body!
 

2-4 Hours Before = MEAL

  • Have a balanced meal + 500ml (2 cups) fluid
  • The meal should be rich in carbohydrates, lower in fat and fairly low in protein and fibre
    • This allows for proper digestion

Examples:

  • Toast with peanut butter, fruit and glass of milk 
  • Sandwich (meat, vegetables, cheese) + milk or fruit
  • Fruit smoothie + homemade muffin
  • Oatmeal with fruit and milk
  • Whole wheat wrap with meat and vegetables
  • Stir fry with meat/tofu/legumes, brown rice and vegetables

Note: Portion size depends on your body size, gender and duration of exercise. For a full meal, some people find they need at least 3-4 hours before they exercise. 
 

1-1.5 Hours Before = QUICK ENERGY SNACK

If you are hungry or your workout will last more than 1 hour, grab an “energy-sustaining” or “quick-energy snack.” 

  • Snack + 200-250ml (1-1.5cups fluid)
  • The snack should be high in carbohydrates, lower in fat/protein/fibre
    • Fat, protein and fibre are all important for a healthy diet. However, because they take longer to digest, eating foods high in these nutrients may cause bloating or discomfort during a workout.
  • Try to avoid foods rich in “simple carbohydrates” (i.e. high in sugar – chocolate bars, candy). These may cause a surge of energy and then a quick drop halfway through your workout!

Examples:

  • Fresh fruit
  • Home-made muffin
  • Bowl of cereal with milk
  • Apple sauce with cinnamon
  • Regular yogurt + berries or other fruit
  • Toast with peanut butter
  • Cheese + crackers + grapes
  • Fruit + yogurt
     

Interesting Nutrition Fact!
      Did you know…

Carbohydrates are the MAIN source of energy for our body and the ONLY source of energy for the brain? Makes sense why you may find it hard to concentrate if you are hungry, hey? or feel like you have no energy for a workout if you had one quick meal during the day?

In other words, whenever we have food with carbohydrates in it, our body breaks it down into glucose (or energy). This is then converted into glycogen and stored in our muscles and liver. This glycogen acts like a “reserve” which our body will then use for energy during exercise.  

Why do we want nice and full glycogen stores?

  • For a better workout!
  • Glycogen acts like a back-up or reserve (think ‘pantry or reserve for energy’)
  • During prolonged activity, our body will use glycogen for energy 

Will I notice if my glycogen stores are low?

  • YES!
  • If we do not eat enough carbohydrates, glycogen is not stored to help us fuel activity lasting more than 1 hour
  • Your endurance will drop and you will “hit the wall”

Can I replenish glycogen stores during a workout?

  • No! This is why eating well during the day is so important!

What happens if I decide to have a low-carbohydrate diet?

  • You will have lower glycogen stores and your muscles will become tired more quickly during exercise
  • Your body will breakdown protein (i.e. your muscles) to make glucose
    • Carbohydrates spare protein from being broken down to make glucose (energy) when needed
  • People who eat enough calories and carbohydrates in the day will use protein less as an energy source 

** Remember, carbohydrate is the main source of energy for physical activity ** 

 

AFTER

Within 30 minutes = SNACK

  • As soon as you start to cool down, the recovery clock starts ticking
  • Try to eat within 30 minutes of completing any type of physical activity. (This does NOT include stretching).
    • Body cells are most receptive to being replenished during this time

1. Carbohydrates

  • Restore glycogen stores 
  • Help the immune system recover more quickly
  • Help increase overall endurance and performance (especially if you plan on working out the next day)
  • Your best bet: simple carbohydrates (i.e. tropical fruits like mangos, bananas, peaches). 
    • These are quickly absorbed into your bloodstream and will help replenish glycogen stores immediately

2. Protein

  • Repairs muscle damage
  • Aim for 15-25g protein (Your body cannot absorb more than this at one time)

3. Fluids

  • Replace fluid losses (about 2 cups fluid)
  • The longer and more intense your workout, the more you need to drink
  • Hydration = pale yellow urine
  • Staying hydrated will help improve performance

4. Electrolytes

  • Replace losses
  • Sodium is the main electrolyte lost in sweat 
  • If you sweat a lot, consuming foods higher in sodium will help replenish these losses

5. Vitamins and Minerals

  • Eating a healthy diet during the day will help support your health and immune system
  • As we increase exercise, free radical formation is increased. Antioxidants will help protect your body’s cells from this damage.    
    • Found in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, beans and lentils, nuts and seeds, vegetable oils, and garlic

Examples:

  • Kefir + protein power + fruit (Lisa’s smoothie!)
  • Banana + Greek yogurt
  • Peanut butter sandwich + berries + milk
  • Chocolate milk + fruit
  • Cottage cheese + rice cracker + peanut butter
  • Cereal + milk
     

Within 2 Hours = MEAL

  • Include all 4 food groups
  • Rich in complex carbohydrates (high fibre options) and protein

Examples:

  • Stir fry with meat/ tofu/legumes, brown rice and vegetables
  • Sandwich (meat and vegetables) with milk
  • Whole wheat pasta with meat sauce + side salad
  • Scrambled eggs with cheese and diced peppers + whole grain toast
  • Grilled salmon or chicken breast + baked sweet potato + steamed vegetables

Final Suggestions

  • If activity is less than an hour and of less intensity, you could go straight to a meal (make sure you incorporate a source of carbohydrates, protein and fluids).
  • Planning meals and snacks ahead of time will help ensure you perform at your best and recovery properly
  • Choose real food first!
     

Happy Exercising,
Lisa
 

 

 


References

  1. Coach. (2016). Fluids and Foods AFTER Training/Competition. Retrieved September 2016, from http://www.coach.ca/fluids-and-foods-after-training-competition-p154681.
  2. Coach. (2016). Eating for Endurance - Making Sense of Sport drinks, Bars, and Gels. Retrieved September 2016, from http://www.coach.ca/eating-for-endurance-making-sense-of-sport-drinks-bars-and-gels-p154675.
  3. Erdman, K. (2016). Recharge and Replenish - Recovery Nutrition. Retrieved September 2016, from http://www.coach.ca/recharge-and-replenish-recovery-nutrition-p154667.
  4. Coach. (2016). Optimizing Your Recovery Routine. Retrieved September 2016, from http://www.coach.ca/optimizing-your-recovery-routine-p157156.   
  5. Sharp, A. (2015). Best Pre Workout Meals & Post Workout Meals for Endurance & Strength Training. Retrieved September 2016, from http://www.abbeyskitchen.com/nutrition-best-pre-workout-meals-post-workout-meals-enduranc/.
  6. EatRight Ontario. (2016). Stay Active. Eat Like a Champion. Retrieved September 2016, from http://www.eatrightontario.ca/en/Articles/Physical-Activity/Stay-Active-Eat-Like-a-Champion.aspx#.V-xFioRlkSJ
  7. EatRight Ontario. (2016). Healthy Eating Checklist for Active Adults. Retrieved September 2016, from http://www.eatrightontario.ca/en/Articles/Physical-Activity/Healthy-Eating-Checklist-for-Active-Adults.aspx#.V-xGRYRlkSJ
  8. EatRight Ontario. (2016). Sports nutrition: Facts on carbohydrate, fat and protein. Retrieved September 2016, from http://www.eatrightontario.ca/en/Articles/Physical-Activity/Sports-nutrition--Facts-on-carbohydrate,-fat-and-p.aspx#.V-xF34RlkSJ.
  9. Staton, J. (2010). Running: The Complete Guide to Building Your Running Program. Toronto: Penguin Group. 
  10. Dietitians of Canada. (2016). Fuelling up before exercise. Retrieved September 2016, from http://www.dietitians.ca/Your-Health/Nutrition-A-Z/Sports-Nutrition-(Adult)/Fuelling-up-before-exercise.aspx
  11. Dunford, M. (2006). Sports Nutrition: A Practice Manual for Professionals (4th ed.). USA. American Dietetic Association.